Syllabus+Definitions

Hi darlings! Here are the syllabus definitions that I found thus far, will update with more as we learn more! Newest will be color coded red. The ones currently provided are those needed for the semester exam/ Love, Jenna

Membranes (Topic 2.4)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Diffusion || The passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. ||
 * Osmosis || The passive movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. ||

Cell Respiration (Topic 3.7 & 8.1)
 * Cell respiration || The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP. ||

Communities and Ecosystems (Topic 5.1)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Species || A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. ||
 * Habitat || The environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism. ||
 * Population || A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time. ||
 * Community || A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area. ||
 * Ecosystem || A community and its abiotic environment. ||
 * Ecology || The study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment. ||
 * Autotroph || An organism that synthesizes its organic molecules from simple inorganic substances. ||
 * Heterotroph || An organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms. ||
 * Consumer || An organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed. ||
 * Detritivore || An organism that ingests non-living organic matter. ||
 * Saprotroph || An organism that lives on or in non- living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion. ||
 * Trophic level || Step in the movement of energy through an ecosystem; an organism's feeding status in an ecosystem. ||

Evolution (Topic 5.4)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Evolution || the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population. ||

Classification (Topic 5.5)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * characteristics brysophyta || mosses and such like - no roots or cuticle, spores produced in capsules ||
 * characteristics filicinephyta || ferns - roots, leaves in fronds, cuticle on leaves, not woody, spores produced in structures called sporangia ||
 * characteristics coniferophyta || conifers - roots, stems, leaves, woody stems, produce seeds ||
 * characteristics angiospermophyta || flowering plants - can from woody tissue, produce seeds ||
 * characteristics porifera || sponges - lack tissues and organs, no special shape ||
 * characteristics cnidaria || jellyfish and sea anenomes - two forms medusa and polyp, radial symmetry ||
 * characteristics platyhelminthes || flatworms- bilaterally symmetric, mouth but no anus, rudimentrary head ||
 * characteristics semented worms || sedmented worms - segmented body, bilaterally symmetric, mouth and anus ||
 * characteristics mollusca || snails, slugs etc ||
 * characteristcs arthropoda || bilaterally symmetric, hard exoskeleton, segmented ||

Defence against Infectious Disease (Topic 6.3)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Pathogen || An organism or virus that causes a disease. ||

Nerves, Hormones and Homeostatsis (Topic 6.5)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Resting potential || The potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse. ||
 * Action potential || The localized reversal and then restoration of electrical potential between the inside and outside of a neuron as the impulse passes along it. ||

Proteins (Topic 7.5)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Denaturation || A structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties. ||

Enzymes (Topic 7.6)
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * example of competitive inhibition || disulfiram inhibitor, acetaldehyde substrate, aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme ||
 * example of non-competitive inhibition || nerve gas Sarin inhibitor, acetylcholine substrate, acetylcholinesterase enzyme ||
 * example of allostery || enzyme phosphorylase used to remove one glucose phosphate from glycogen for glycolysis, which produces ATP. When there is abundance of ATP e.g. during rest, there is no need for more atp. when there is abundance of AMP e.g. during exercise, there is need for more ATP. ATP acts as allosteric inhibitor and AMP as allosteric activator ||
 * two examples of food chain || phytoplankton --> copepod --> herring --> tuna; ||

Muscles (Topic 11.2) times. ||
 * Terms || Definitions ||
 * Bones || Provide a firm anchorage for muscles. They also act as levers changing the size or direction of forces generated by muscles. ||
 * Muscles || Provide the force needed for muscle contraction. ||
 * Nerves || Co-ordinates muscle contraction so that it is stimulated to contract at precise